A review on the application of nanomaterials in improving microbial fuel cells

Materials at the nanoscale show exciting and different properties. In this review, applications of nanomaterials for modifying main components microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems (i.e., electrodes membranes) their effect on performance are reviewed critically discussed. Carbon metal-based nanoparticles conductive polymers could contribute to growth thick anodic cathodic biofilms, leading enhanced electron transfer between biofilm. Extending active surface area, increasing conductivity, biocompatibility among significant attributes promising used in MFC modifications. The application fabricating cathode catalysts (catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction) is also herein. Among various nanocatalysts side, such as metal oxides metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) regarded inexpensive high-performance alternatives conventionally high-cost Pt. addition, polymeric membranes modified with hydrophilic antibacterial lead higher proton conductivity mitigated biofouling compared expensive Nafion. These improvements more power generation, wastewater treatment, nanobiosensing. Future research efforts should take into account decreasing production cost environmental safety aspects these compounds.